Electromagnetic (EM) locating is a crucial technique used to identify underground utilities, ensuring safety and efficiency before excavation. There are two primary methods: active and passive locating, each with distinct mechanisms and applications.
Active EM Locating
Active locating involves the deliberate transmission of a specific frequency through an underground utility. This requires connecting a transmitter to the utility line, either by using a grounding wire or another accessible above-ground structure. The active signal transmitted can then be detected by an EM locator, helping to map out the path of the underground utility with precision.
Key Points:
- Signal Transmission: Actively sends a specific signal to the utility.
- Connection Points: Can connect through grounding wires or physical utility structures.
- Application: Preferred for identifying specific utility lines and routes.
Passive EM Locating
In contrast, passive EM locating leverages the natural electromagnetic fields created by utility lines without additional signal transmission. It typically identifies utilities by detecting existing AC power or radio frequency signals emanating from the utilities themselves.
Key Points:
- Signal Detection: Relies on naturally occurring signals.
- No External Signal Needed: Does not require connection to utilities for signal output.
- Application: Useful for general area scanning and detecting live electrical currents or radio signals.
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